1,824 research outputs found
Der Einfluss von Clozapin, N-Desmethylclozapin und Chlorpromazin auf die in-vitro-Produktion von Thromboxan
Die Hypothese, dass das AP Clozapin, ebenso wie dessen Metabolit NDMC die Produktion von TxA2 beeinfluss könnten, stellten wir nach ausführlicher Literaturrecherche auf. Letztere zeigte, dass bereits beim ersten AP CPZ eine reduzierende Wirkung auf die TxA2-Produktion nachgewiesen werden konnte. TxA2 und die Aktivierung seines Rezeptors modulieren Vasokonstriktion und Thrombozytenaggregation. Weiterhin nehmen sie Einfluss auf dopaminerge und serotonerge Signalwege. In der Pathophysiologie der Schizophrenie spielen eben diese eine bedeutende Rolle und stellen somit Zielstrukturen für APs dar.
Um die Konzentration von TxB2, dem Metaboliten des instabilen Moleküls TxA2 in stimulierten und unstimulierten Blutproben 10 gesunder Probandinnen zu messen, verwendeten wir ein Vollblutverfahren. Um signifikante Ergebnisse zu erhalten, stimulierten wir die Proben mit TSST-1 oder dem monoklonalen Antikörper OKT3 (Muromonab-CD3), der gegen das Oberflächenantigen CD3 gerichtet ist, kombiniert mit dem monoklonalen Antikörper 5C3, der mit dem Protein CD40 interagiert und es stimuliert. Weiterhin versetzten wir das Blut mit den APs CPZ, Clozapin oder NDMC in einer von vier verschiedenen Konzentrationen. Außerdem wurden die Thromboxanspiegel im Blut ohne Zusatz von APs unter verschiedenen Stimulationskonditionen gemessen.
Durch den Zusatz von Clozapin in den verschiedenen Konzentrationen kam es zu einer signifikanten (p<0.05) Verringerung der TxB2-Produktion in den mit TSST-1 und ebenso in den mit OKT3/5C3 versetzen Proben, was wir im Rahmen unserer Studie feststellen konnten. Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, dass CPZ in sehr niedriger Konzentration die TxB2-Spiegel im unstimulierten und im mit TSST-1 stimulierten Blut reduziert. Daraus lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass Clozapin, NDMC und CPZ auch über eine Modulation der TxA2- und TxB2-Produktion das Neurotransmittersystem beeinflussen könnten. Auch typische Nebenwirkungen der AP, wie zum Beispiel die orthostatische Hypotension, könnten aus den Veränderungen der TxA2- und TxB2-Konzentrationen resultieren
The Potential of Technology-Based Psychological Interventions for Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research
Background: Previous studies have shown an unmet need in the treatment of eating disorders. In the last decade, interest in technology-based interventions (TBIs) (including computer-and Internet-based interventions [CBIs] or mobile interventions) for providing evidence-based therapies to individuals with different mental disorders has increased. Objective: The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the potential of TBIs in the field of eating disorders, namely for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN),for both prevention and treatment, and also for carers of eating disorder patients. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and PsycINFO. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also reviewed without date or study type restrictions. Results: Forty studies resulting in 45 publications reporting outcomes fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 22 randomized controlled trials, 2 controlled studies, and 16 uncontrolled studies. In total, 3646 patients were included. Overall, the studies provided evidence for the efficacy of guided CBIs, especially for BN patients and for compliant patients. Furthermore, videoconferencing also appeared to be a promising approach. Evaluation results of Internet-based prevention of eating disorders and Internet-based programs for carers of eating disorder patients were also encouraging. Finally, there was preliminary evidence for the efficacy of mobile interventions. Conclusions: TBIs may be an additional way of delivering evidence-based treatments to eating disorder patients and their use is likely to increase in the near future. TBIs may also be considered for the prevention of eating disorders and to support carers of eating disorder patients. Areas of future research and important issues such as guidance, therapeutic alliance, and dissemination are discussed
The Potential of Technology-Based Psychological Interventions for Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research
Background: Previous studies have shown an unmet need in the treatment of eating disorders. In the last decade, interest in technology-based interventions (TBIs) (including computer-and Internet-based interventions [CBIs] or mobile interventions) for providing evidence-based therapies to individuals with different mental disorders has increased. Objective: The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the potential of TBIs in the field of eating disorders, namely for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN),for both prevention and treatment, and also for carers of eating disorder patients. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and PsycINFO. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also reviewed without date or study type restrictions. Results: Forty studies resulting in 45 publications reporting outcomes fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 22 randomized controlled trials, 2 controlled studies, and 16 uncontrolled studies. In total, 3646 patients were included. Overall, the studies provided evidence for the efficacy of guided CBIs, especially for BN patients and for compliant patients. Furthermore, videoconferencing also appeared to be a promising approach. Evaluation results of Internet-based prevention of eating disorders and Internet-based programs for carers of eating disorder patients were also encouraging. Finally, there was preliminary evidence for the efficacy of mobile interventions. Conclusions: TBIs may be an additional way of delivering evidence-based treatments to eating disorder patients and their use is likely to increase in the near future. TBIs may also be considered for the prevention of eating disorders and to support carers of eating disorder patients. Areas of future research and important issues such as guidance, therapeutic alliance, and dissemination are discussed
Three Dimensional Polarimetric Neutron Tomography of Magnetic Fields
Through the use of Time-of-Flight Three Dimensional Polarimetric Neutron
Tomography (ToF 3DPNT) we have for the first time successfully demonstrated a
technique capable of measuring and reconstructing three dimensional magnetic
field strengths and directions unobtrusively and non-destructively with the
potential to probe the interior of bulk samples which is not amenable
otherwise.
Using a pioneering polarimetric set-up for ToF neutron instrumentation in
combination with a newly developed tailored reconstruction algorithm, the
magnetic field generated by a current carrying solenoid has been measured and
reconstructed, thereby providing the proof-of-principle of a technique able to
reveal hitherto unobtainable information on the magnetic fields in the bulk of
materials and devices, due to a high degree of penetration into many materials,
including metals, and the sensitivity of neutron polarisation to magnetic
fields. The technique puts the potential of the ToF time structure of pulsed
neutron sources to full use in order to optimise the recorded information
quality and reduce measurement time.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Strength of the =1.842 MeV resonance in the Ca(p,)Sc reaction revisited
The strength of the MeV resonance in the
Ca(p,)Sc reaction is determined with two different
methods: First, by an absolute strength measurement using calcium hydroxide
targets, and second, relative to the well-determined strength of the resonance
triplet at = 4.5 MeV in the Ca(,)Ti
reaction. The present new value of eV is 37%
(equivalent to ) higher than the evaluated literature value. In
addition, the ratio of the strengths of the 1.842 MeV
Ca(p,)Sc and 4.5 MeV
Ca(,)Ti resonances has been determined to be
. The newly corrected strength of the 1.842-MeV resonance can
be used in the future as a normalization point for experiments with calcium
targets.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Distribution and clinical comparison of restrictive feeding and eating disorders using ICD-10 and ICD-11 criteria.
OBJECTIVE
Within the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), diagnostic criteria for feeding and eating disorders were revised and new diagnoses including avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) are classifiable; however, nothing is known about how these changes affect the prevalence of feeding and eating disorders. This study compared the distribution and clinical characteristics of restrictive feeding and eating disorders between ICD-10 and ICD-11.
METHOD
The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), its child version, and the EDE ARFID module were administered to N = 82 patients (0-17 years) seeking treatment for restrictive feeding and eating disorders and their parents. Clinical characteristics were derived from medical records, questionnaires, and objective anthropometrics.
RESULTS
The number of residual restrictive eating disorders (rrED) significantly decreased from ICD-10 to ICD-11 due to a crossover to full-threshold disorders, especially anorexia nervosa (AN) or ARFID. Patients reclassified to ICD-11 ARFID were younger, had an earlier age of illness onset, more restrictive eating behaviors, and tended to have more somatic comorbidities compared to those reclassified to ICD-11 AN. Patients with rrED according to both ICD-10 and ICD-11 were younger, had an earlier age of illness onset, less shape concern, and more somatic comorbidities than patients who were reclassified from ICD-10 rrED to ICD-11 AN or ARFID.
DISCUSSION
This study highlights the inclusive approach of ICD-11 criteria, paving the way for more targeted treatment, and ARFID's high clinical relevance. Future studies considering nonrestrictive feeding and eating disorders across the life span may allow further analyses on diagnostic crossover.
PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE
Changes in diagnostic criteria for restrictive eating disorders within the newly published ICD-11 led to an increase in full-threshold disorders, while the number of rrED was significantly lowered compared to ICD-10 criteria. The results thus highlight the diagnostic utility of ICD-11 criteria and may help providing adequate treatment to children and adolescents with rrED
Исследования функциональности и состояния защитных сооружений ГО г. Юрги
Immunogenetics and cellular immunology of bacterial infectious disease
Neophyten in Buchen- und Fichtenwäldern des Sollings
405
Neophyten in Buchen- und Fichtenwäldern des Sollings*
Wolfgang Schmidt, Steffi Heinrichs, Martin Weckesser,
Luise Ebrecht und Bernadett Lambertz
Abstract: Non-native plant species in beech and Norway spruce forests
of the Solling Hills
The proportion of alien plant species in the ground vegetation of beech forests and Norway spruce
stands on acidic soils was investigated by comparing vegetation relevés in the Solling Hills (Lower
Saxony) obtained from different research projects during four decades. In general, the proportion of
non-indigenous plant species is rather low. In species-poor closed beech stands 4.4 % (on average
1.3 %) of the maximum species number and 7.3 % (on average 1.9 %) of the maximum coverage of
the sparsely covered herbaceous layer belong to alien plant species. In the Norway spruce stands with a
more species-rich and more densely covered herbaceous layer, the proportion of alien species is 2.8 %
(on average 1.4 %, species number) and 4.7 % (on average 1.7 %, coverage) at maximum, respectively.
In 1966-1968, no alien plant species were recorded in managed beech and Norway spruce forests. In
contrast, vegetation relevés recorded 30 years later on the same site showed an increase in the number
of alien species up to 1.3 % of the mean number of species. The mean cover of non-native species
increased to 0.2 % (beech) and 4.7 % (Norway spruce) of the total herbaceous layer coverage, respectively.
Non-indigenous plant species are still lacking completely in the unmanaged beech forest nature
reserve. Silvicultural treatments like group selection felling in beech stands or girth-limit felling and
clear-cutting in Norway spruce stands were not followed by a significant increase of alien species according
to the disturbance gradient. By the creation and use of skid trails in forests there was no shortterm
increase of non-native species. Only on heavily or repeatedly disturbed parts of compacted forest
roads and skid trails, such as wheel tracks or mid-line in Norway spruce stands did aliens increase significantly.
The most important non-native herbs of beech and Norway spruce stands in the Solling
Hills are Impatiens parviflora and Epilobium ciliatum. Until now, E. ciliatum was missing in the
beech forests mainly due to the low light availability. Rare occurrences of spontaneous tree regeneration
of introduced Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix decidua and Quercus rubra result from near-by forest
plantations and indicate that the most important impact on vegetation is coming from the plantation of
exotic tree species rather than the spontaneous establishment of herbaceous neophytes. Other alien
woody species as well as adventative ornamental plants which are fully established in the flora of the
Solling Hills today, are presently not found in the herbaceous layer of the forests. Most of these species
can be found in open landscapes or urban areas with gardens and parks. Accordingly the whole Solling
landscape including the open and ruderal outskirts has a higher proportion of non-native plant species
than the nearly completely forested central part of the research area (11.1 % versus 7.6 % of the flora)
- …